System Unit

Random-access memory (RAM)

Random-access memory (RAM) is known as a form of computer data storage and also a main memory. RAM is slightly different from ROM. It is a volatile memory which requires power. If the power curcuit is lost, all data will be gone. There has been several different variations of RAM used throughout the whole evolution of computers. There are a few common examples of RAM like DIMM, RIMM, SIMM, SO-DIMM and SOO-RIMM.

Cache

Cache is mostly used in computer engineering. It is a component that transparently stores data so that future requests for that data can be served and obtained faster. The data saved by the owner will be stored within a cache which might be values that have been duplicates of orginal values that are stored elsewhere. If requested data is stored in the cache, this request can be served by simply reading the cache, which is comparatively faster.

ROM

ROM is known as Read Only Memory. It is internal computer memory containing data that normally can only be read, not written to. One could 'boot up' or regenerate their computer each time they turn it on with the programme installed in a ROM. The data in ROM will not lost even the computer power is turned off. It is usually sustained by a small long life battery in a computer.

Flash Memory

Flash memory is used to store and transfer all kinds of files on our computers to other forms of media or electronic device for example files like digital photographs, music files, word processing documents, PDFs and many more. According to new IHS iSuppli research, the embedded NOR flash memory market is set to increase 8% in 2011, reaching approximately 3.96 billion units.

Graphic Card

A graphic card is also known as video card. It is a piece of hardware installed in a computer that is responsible for rendering the image on the computer's screen for displaying purpose. You can find them in many kinds of varieties with varying features that allow for a price range that extends from about 20 US dollars to 2400 US dollars. The first consideration consumers have to make before consuming it will be the ability of the graphic card displaying the best resolution the monitor or screen can support. 

Sound Card

A sound card is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. It is also applied to external audio interfaces that use software to generate sound or music. It is widely used recently in multimedia applications such as music composition, presentation, education, video games, editing video or audio and video projection.

Network Interface Card

Network Interface Card(NIC) is commonly referred to as a network adapter and is an expansion card that provide a computer the ability of connecting a network such as a home network or the Internet. They commonly found in most desktop computers today that do not already have an integrated network on their motherboard of the computer.

Plug and Play

Plug and play functions as facilitating the discovery of a hardware component in a system, without the need of physical device configuration, or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts in computing field. It is also a term used to describe the characteristic of a computer bus or device specification. 

Universal Serial Bus(USB)

Nowadays, any electronic device or computers do come with a Universal Serial Bus(USB). These USB is so useful that they enable you to attach mice, printers or other accessories to your computer quickly and easily. Besides that, the installation of the device drivers will run much more faster and easier if the operating system of the computer is supported by USB as well. Compared to other ways of connecting devices to your computer, USB devices are incredibly simple, convenient and useful.

Serial Port

Serial port is considered one of the most basic connections to a computer recently. It has been an integral part of most computers for more than 20 years. Modems, PDAs, printers and digital cameras are still using the serial port for connections or attaching devices. Few computers have more than two serial ports which make consumers more convenient.

Parallel Port

A parallel port is a type of interface found on computers used to connect various peripherals. A parallel port is a parallel communication physical interface in computing. It is also known as a printer port or Centronics port.

Firewall Port

A firewall is a device used to protect networks from unauthorized access while permitting legimate communications to pass and to permit or deny network transmissions. Most individuals will include software-based firewalls to protect against threats from the public internet in order to protect their programme and data in their computer. Many routers that pass data between networks contain firewall components and conversely, many firewalls can perform basic routing functions.

Ethernet Port

An ethernet port is an opening on computer network equipment which allows ethernet cables to plug into it. These ports are called jacks or sockets. Cables with RJ-45 connectors are the most acceptable ones for ethernet port. Most computers include one built-in Ethernet port for connecting the device to a wired network.

High-Definition Multimedia Interface(HDMI)

HDMI is the first and only industry-supported, uncompressed, all digital audio/video interface. HDMI dramatically simplifies cabling and provide consumers with the highest quality home theatre experience. It is delivered by crystal-clear, all digital audio and video via a single cable. It provides an interface between any audio/video source which always provide a high satisfaction for consumers on their favourite media.

Basic and Specialized Application Software

Graphical User Interface

This is a program interface that takes advantage of the computer's graphics capabilities to make the program more user friendly. This will increase user's efficiency and let them work more effectively. Microsoft word and Apple Macintosh are one of the examples of graphical user interface.

Word Processor

Word processing is one of the most ordinary computer applications. By using this processor in a computer and printer, one could create a document, store it in a electronic disk, display in on a screen, modify it and print it out from a printer. It is very easy and convenient and eventually increase the efficiency and productivity of users using this processor.

Spread Sheet

A spread sheet is a grid that organizes data into columns and rows. Information could be display and sorted out in an easy and neat way. Users could also insert formulas to work with the data.

Microsoft Excel is an example of spread sheet.

DBMS

DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is a database program and also a software system that uses a standard method of cataloging, retrieving, and running queries on data. Managing, organizing and modification of data could be done by using DBMS.

Utility Suite

 

Utility suite is designed to operate computer hardware more efficiently and make the computer run faster.

Web Authoring

This is a category of software that enables users to develop a website by their own in a desktop publishing format. Requirement for HTML coding for layouts of the web pages will be generated by this software in order to let website owner to design their own layout which fit their page and content.

Audio Editing Software

Audio editing software allows you to record and edit music, voice and other audio recordings. With this software, you can cut, copy and paste parts of recordings then add your own desire effects like echo, amplification and noise reduction.

Bitmap Image

A bitmap or pixmap is a type of memory organization or image file format functioned as storage for digital images. The term bitmap comes from the computer programming terminology, which means that just a map of bits, a spatially mapped array of bits.

Desktop Publishing Program

In order to produce high quality printed documents through personal computer, one should get a desktop publishing program. It allows you to use different kinds of typefaces, specify various margins and justifications and embed illustrations and graphs directly into the text.

HTML Editor

  HTML editor is an authoring software program that is used to create content for web sites. HTML software is easy to use and very convenient since it has a feature that is known as WYSIWYG.

Image Editor

A graphics program that provides a wide range of varieties of special features and effects for altering bit mapped images is called image editor. Users could used it to modify bit mapped images like scanned photographs as it provides a very high quality of image.

Multimedia

This is a media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. Multimedia is usually recorded and played, displayed or accessed by information content processing devices, such as computerized and electronic devices.

Vector Image

Vector images are a collection of individual objects rather than picture elements. A vector image can be composed of points connected by lines, or nodes (control points) connected by Bezier curves.

The Internet , the Web and Electronic Commerce

URL

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It is known as a Website address. It lets you locate a particular site. For example, www.FAQFarm.com/index.html is the URL for the FAQ Farm home page.

HTML 

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is a kind of computer language that is used for files that are posted on the internet and viewed by web browsers. Every graphics, text and design elements of a web page are ''tagged'' and labeled with codes that instruct the web browser how to display the files.

JAVASCRIPT

 

JavasScript is a computer scripting language commonly  used to add dynamic and interactive content and features to web pages. JavaScript is usually part of the web browser environment, meaning the web browser interprets and executes the code. 

Applets

An applet is any small application that performs one specific task that runs within the scope of a larger program, normally is used as a plug-in. It is to make a website function in a more creative and easy way.

BLOGS

A blog is a kind of website or part of a website. Individual usually maintain their blog by uploading new entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. They usually displayed in reverse-chronological order

Wikis

 

A wiki is a website that allows creating and editing any number of interlinked webpages via a web browser using a simplified markup language or WYSIWYG text editor. They are normally powered by wifi software and usde collaboratively by multiple users.

 FTP

FTP is known as file transfer protocol. It is used to duplicate a file from one host to another through a TCP-based network such as the internet. FTP basic function is to download or upload files from the server or to a particular source.

Plug-in

A plug-in is a set of software components which is used to adds particular abilities and functions to a larger software application. It is normally used in to scan for viruses, play videos and display fresh file types in web browsers.

Filter

Filter is a program that takes in a certain type of data as input, transforms it in some manner and then outputs the transformed data. It also allows you to import or export data.

Internet Security Suite

Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically related to the internet. Internet is always known as an insecure channel for exchanging information which has a very high risk of intrusion or fraud. Therefore, this software is to establish rules and measures to use against attacks over the internet.

Careers in IT

 

WEBMASTER is also known as an individual who set up, organises and manages a website in order to ensure a website is well-organised and running properly. Besides making sure that the web server is ran in a correct order in as a hardware and software, webmaster is also responsible in designing the website and keep the website he created updated. Replying user's feedback, creating CGL scripts and monitoring traffic through the site are also the jobs that a webmaster should take up and excel in it.Webmaster can also defines as a profit maker.An individual could provide services and goods through the website they created so that consumers could consume and satisfy their needs through an easier and quicker way.

 

COMPUTER SUPPORT SPECIALISTS is a person who assists users who are facing difficulties on dealing with computers, software and programmes or peripherals for example the well-known printers or scanners.These specialists are divided into two different types. Some computer support specialist assist companies' customers whereas some are specialised in providing support in-house to corporate or institutional staff.

A professional writer who creates, designs, and maintains a technical documentation is known as a technical writer. Engineers, scientists and other high skilled profession used to hire them for proofreading, editing and formatting their documentation. Individuals in ths profession produces technical documentation for technical, business, and consumer audiences.Technical writer hired in companies, governments and other institutions is not typically hired for expertise in a particular subject, but for expertise in technical writing. Their ability to gather information from different sources, analyze a particular subject and audience and produce a clear documentation to the person who in charge.It is vital for technical writer to create documentation that is accurate, complete and fully related to the subject he is informed to. This is the key of proving the technical writer is a good and qualified one. Besides, a good technical writer has the ability to create, assimilate, and convey technical material in a concise and effective manner.

Software Engineering  is a profession dedicated to design, implement, and modify software to get a higher quality, more affordable, maintainable, and faster to build. Software Engineering can help create any software product of your requests, develop and maintain software , listening empathetically to your needs and applying innovative approach to applications development and user interface design. Software Engineering is well versed in facing the challenges of starting up new projects whereas software engineering can offer valuable insight and innovative synergy to any software development project. 

A person responsible for the maintenance of computer software and software that comprises a computer network is known as network administrator.The network administrator will concentrate on the overall integrity of the network, server deployment, and ensuring the network connectivity works for all users in their organization and to make sure that data security for connections to the internet is properly handled. The network administrator may also involve in design and deploy networks.The duties of network administrators are for making sure that the computer hardware and network infrastructure for an IT organization is well maintained at the certain standards. 

A database administrator (DBA) is an individual who is responsible on designing, implementing and maintaining a successful database environment. They are expected to stay abreast of emerging technologies and new design approaches. There is a basic requirement to be qualified as a professional DBA. They need to have a degree in Computer Science and some on-the-job training with a specific database product or more extensive working experience and knowledge on a range of database products.

 

A database administrator (DBA) is an individual who is responsible on designing, implementing and maintaining a successful database environment. They are expected to stay abreast of emerging technologies and new design approaches. There is a basic requirement to be qualified as a professional DBA. They need to have a degree in Computer Science and some on-the-job training with a specific database product or more extensive working experience and knowledge on a range of database products. 

An individual who is responsible for the development of an information system is called system analyst. System analysts design and modify systems by turning user requirements into a set of functional and useful specifications, which also known as blueprint of the system. They will take part in the job of designing the database or assit data administrators to design a specific database. System analysts mainly focus on evaluating the code and making suggestions but not on hard coding. 

Composer instructions for computer systems is known as a programmer. Programmers usually have an extensive background and wide knowledge in some form of computer coding language for example XML, PHP, Perl, HTML or SQL. These programming languages can be used to create programs that manipulate the attitude and behaviour of a machine, to express the well known algorithms precisely or as a mode of human commuinication.